What Is Iron Deficiency?

Iron deficiency is a condition that occurs when the body does not have enough iron to support the production of hemoglobin, a vital protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen. Without sufficient iron, your body can’t produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to a range of physical and mental health issues.

It is the most widespread nutritional deficiency globally, affecting both developing and developed countries. Women, children, and individuals with chronic diseases are most at risk.

Common Causes of Iron Deficiency

• Inadequate dietary intake: A diet lacking in iron-rich foods like red meat, lentils, and leafy green vegetables.

• Blood loss: This could be due to heavy menstrual periods, internal bleeding (e.g., ulcers, hemorrhoids), surgery, or injury.

• Poor absorption: Conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or post-gastric bypass surgery can impair iron absorption.

• Increased demand: Pregnancy, adolescence, or intense physical training increases the body's need for iron.

• Chronic conditions: Long-term illnesses such as kidney disease or cancer may interfere with iron metabolism.

Symptoms of Iron Deficiency

• Extreme fatigue and lack of energy

• Shortness of breath during mild exertion

• Dizziness or lightheadedness

• Pale or yellowish skin

• Cold hands and feet

• Restless legs syndrome

• Brittle nails or hair loss

• Chest pain or irregular heartbeat in severe cases

• In children: delayed growth, poor appetite, behavioral issues

Who Is at Risk?

• Women of reproductive age

• Pregnant and breastfeeding women

• Infants and toddlers, especially those who are premature or underweight

• Teenagers, due to growth spurts

• Vegetarians or vegans, who may lack adequate dietary iron

• Athletes, particularly females in endurance sports

Prevention & Solutions

• Eat iron-rich foods: beef, chicken, liver, shellfish, beans, lentils, tofu, spinach, and iron-fortified cereals.

• Combine iron with vitamin C: oranges, strawberries, bell peppers improve iron absorption.

• Cook in cast iron pans: it can increase iron content in food.

• Avoid calcium, tea, or coffee with meals, as they reduce iron absorption.

• Iron supplements: under medical supervision, either oral or intravenous.

Treatment Options

• Blood tests to confirm iron levels (ferritin, hemoglobin, etc.)

• Oral iron therapy is common but may cause constipation or nausea.

• IV iron infusions for severe or non-responsive cases.

• Addressing underlying conditions (bleeding ulcers, menstrual disorders, etc.)

🩺 Always consult your healthcare provider before starting supplements.